Developing with the Stargate REST API
Stargate is a data gateway deployed between client applications and a database. The REST API exposes CRUD access to data stored in Cassandra tables.
Lightweight transactions (LWT) are not supported in the Stargate REST API. |
Prerequisites
If you’re looking to just get started, you can try DataStax Astra DB and skip the installation steps. The base URL will be |
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Install cURL, a utility for running REST, Document, or GraphQL queries on the command line.
-
[Optional] If you prefer, you can use Postman as a client interface for exploring the APIs
-
You will also find links to downloadable collections and environments in Using Postman
-
-
[Optional] If you going to use the GraphQL API, you will want to use the GraphQL Playground to deploy schema and execute mutations and queries.
-
[Optional] For the REST and Document APIs, you can use the Swagger UI.
-
Install Docker for Desktop
-
Pull a Stargate Docker image
v2
For Stargate v2, you’ll need to pull an image for coordinator, plus an image for each API that you wish to run: restapi, graphql, and docsapi. The coordinator image contains a Apache Cassandra™ backend, the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), and the gRPC API.
The following are the commands for each of those images using the tag v2
:
docker pull stargateio/coordinator-4_0:v2
docker pull stargateio/restapi:v2
docker pull stargateio/docsapi:v2
docker pull stargateio/graphqlapi:v2
v1
This image contains the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), REST, Document, GraphQL APIs, and GraphQL Playground, along with an Apache Cassandra™ 4.0 backend.
docker pull stargateio/stargate-4_0:v1.0.57
v2
For Stargate v2, you’ll need to pull an image for coordinator, plus an image for each API that you wish to run: restapi, graphql, and docsapi. The coordinator image contains a Apache Cassandra™ backend, the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), and the gRPC API.
The following are the commands for each of those images using the tag v2
:
docker pull stargateio/coordinator-3_11:v2
docker pull stargateio/restapi:v2
docker pull stargateio/docsapi:v2
docker pull stargateio/graphqlapi:v2
v1
This image contains the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), REST, Document, GraphQL APIs, and GraphQL Playground, along with an Apache Cassandra™ 3.11 backend.
docker pull stargateio/stargate-3_11:v1.0.57
v2
For Stargate v2, you’ll need to pull an image for coordinator, plus an image for each API that you wish to run: restapi, graphql, and docsapi. The coordinator image contains a Apache Cassandra™ backend, the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), and the gRPC API.
The following are the commands for each of those images using the tag v2
:
docker pull stargateio/coordinator-dse-68:v2
docker pull stargateio/restapi:v2
docker pull stargateio/docsapi:v2
docker pull stargateio/graphqlapi:v2
v1
This image contains the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), REST, Document, GraphQL APIs, and GraphQL Playground, along with a DataStax Enterprise™ 6.8 backend.
docker pull stargateio/stargate-dse-68:v1.0.57
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Run the Stargate Docker image
v2
Use this docker-compose shell script to start the coordinator and APIs in developer mode.
The easiest way to do that is to navigate to the <install_location>/stargate/docker-compose
directory, and run the script.
You will want to run, for example:
./start_cass_4_0_dev_mode.sh
This command will start using the latest available coordinator and API images with the v2
tag.
You may also select a specific image tag using the -t <image_tag>
option. A list of the available tags for the coordinator can be found here.
v1
Start the Stargate container in developer mode. Developer mode removes the need to set up a separate Cassandra instance and is meant for development and testing only.
docker run --name stargate \
-p 8080:8080 \
-p 8081:8081 \
-p 8082:8082 \
-p 127.0.0.1:9042:9042 \
-d \
-e CLUSTER_NAME=stargate \
-e CLUSTER_VERSION=4.0 \
-e DEVELOPER_MODE=true \
stargateio/stargate-4_0:v1.0.57
v2
Use this docker-compose shell script to start the coordinator and APIs in developer mode.
The easiest way to do that is to navigate to the <install_location>/stargate/docker-compose
directory, and run the script.
You will want to run, for example:
./start_cass_3_11_dev_mode.sh
This command will start using the latest available coordinator and API images with the v2
tag.
You may also select a specific image tag using the -t <image_tag>
option. A list of the available tags for the coordinator can be found here.
v1
Start the Stargate container in developer mode. Developer mode removes the need to set up a separate Cassandra instance and is meant for development and testing only.
docker run --name stargate \
-p 8080:8080 \
-p 8081:8081 \
-p 8082:8082 \
-p 127.0.0.1:9042:9042 \
-d \
-e CLUSTER_NAME=stargate \
-e CLUSTER_VERSION=3.11 \
-e DEVELOPER_MODE=true \
stargateio/stargate-3_11:v1.0.57
v2
Use this docker-compose shell script to start the coordinator and APIs in developer mode.
The easiest way to do that is to navigate to the <install_location>/stargate/docker-compose
directory, and run the script.
You will want to run, for example:
./start_dse_68_dev_mode.sh
This command will start using the latest available coordinator and API images with the v2
tag.
You may also select a specific image tag using the -t <image_tag>
option. A list of the available tags for the coordinator can be found here.
v1
Start the Stargate container in developer mode. Developer mode removes the need to set up a separate DSE instance and is meant for development and testing only.
docker run --name stargate \
-p 8080:8080 \
-p 8081:8081 \
-p 8082:8082 \
-p 127.0.0.1:9042:9042 \
-d \
-e CLUSTER_NAME=stargate \
-e CLUSTER_VERSION=6.8 \
-e DEVELOPER_MODE=true \
stargateio/stargate-dse-68:v1.0.57
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Generate an authorization token to access the interface by following the instructions in Table-based authentication/Authorization
API reference
If you prefer to learn using a QuickStart, try out the Stargate REST QuickStart. To view the API Reference, see Stargate REST API.
Create or delete keyspace and table schema
In order to use the REST API, you must create schema that defines at least one
keyspace and one table that will store the data.
A keyspace is a container for which a replication factor
defines the number of
data replicas the database will store.
Tables consist of columns that each have a name and a defined data type.
Multiple tables are contained in a keyspace, but a table cannot be contained in
multiple keyspaces.
If you are connecting to a Cassandra database with existing schema, you can skip
this step.
For keyspaces, an optional setting, replicas
, defines
the number of data replicas the database will store for the keyspace.
If no replica is defined, then for a keyspace in a single datacenter cluster,
the default is 1, and for a multiple-datacenter cluster, the default is 3 for each
datacenter.
Create a keyspace
Simple keyspace
Send a POST
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces
.
In this example we use users_keyspace
for the name
, and no replicas
setting, to default to 1.
curl -s --location --request POST 'http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces' \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"name": "users_keyspace"
}'
{"name":"users_keyspace"
The authorization token and the content type are passed with --header
. The
token must be identified as X-Cassandra-Token
so that cluster recognizes the token
and its value.
The specified name for the keyspace is passed as JSON data using --data
.
For shorthand, cURL
can use -L
for --location
, -X
for --request
, -H
for --header
, and -d
for --data
.
Set replicas in simple keyspace
Send a POST
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces
.
In this example we use users_keyspace
for the name
,
and 1
for the number of data replicas
.
Keyspace for multiple datacenters
For a multiple-datacenter cluster, a keyspace is defined datacenters
.
Send a POST
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces
.
In this example we use users_keyspace-dcs
for the name
, the datacenters are dc1
and dc2
,
where dc1
defaults to 3 replicas and dc2
is set to 5 replicas.
curl -s -L -X POST 'http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces' \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"name": "users_keyspace-dcs",
"datacenters": [ {"name": "dc1"}, {"name": "dc2", "replicas": 5} ]
}'
{"name":"users_keyspace-dcs"}
Check keyspace existence
To check if a keyspaces exist, execute a
REST API query with cURL
to find all the keyspaces:
curl -s -L -X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{
"data":[
{
"name":"system_distributed"
},
{
"name":"system"
},
{
"name":"data_endpoint_auth"
},
{
"name":"users_keyspace"
},
{
"name":"system_schema"
},
{
"name":"test"
},
{
"name":"stargate_system"
},
{
"name":"library"
},
{
"name":"system_auth"
},
{
"name":"system_traces"
}
]
}
To get a particular keyspace, specify the keyspace in the URL:
Delete a keyspace
Send a DELETE
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}
to delete
a keyspace. All data and all table schema will be deleted along with the
keyspace schema.
curl -s --location \
--request DELETE http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json"
Create a table in your keyspace
Create tables in your database using the Stargate REST API. Use the application token you generated to create a table in your keyspace. A keyspace is like a bucket that holds your tables. You can create different keyspaces for groups of tables.
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After generating an authorization token, run the following request to get all available keyspaces and verify that the keyspace you wish to use is listed in the results:
Check keyspace existence
To check if a keyspaces exist, execute a
REST API query with cURL
to find all the keyspaces:
curl -s -L -X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{
"data":[
{
"name":"system_distributed"
},
{
"name":"system"
},
{
"name":"data_endpoint_auth"
},
{
"name":"users_keyspace"
},
{
"name":"system_schema"
},
{
"name":"test"
},
{
"name":"stargate_system"
},
{
"name":"library"
},
{
"name":"system_auth"
},
{
"name":"system_traces"
}
]
}
To get a particular keyspace, specify the keyspace in the URL:
curl -s -L -X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{"data":{"name":"users_keyspace"}}
For example, we’ll use users_keyspace
as the keyspace.
-
Optional: A header line using a
{unique-UUID}
, a randomly-generated UUID that is unique for the authorization request, can be included in the previous command by adding the following line:
--header 'x-cassandra-request-id: {unique-UUID}'
Create a table
Send a POST
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces/{keyspace-name}/tables
to create a table.
Set the table name and column definitions in the JSON body in the --data
field.
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"name": "users",
"columnDefinitions":
[
{
"name": "firstname",
"typeDefinition": "text"
},
{
"name": "lastname",
"typeDefinition": "text"
},
{
"name": "favorite color",
"typeDefinition": "text"
}
],
"primaryKey":
{
"partitionKey": ["firstname"],
"clusteringKey": ["lastname"]
},
"tableOptions":
{
"defaultTimeToLive": 0,
"clusteringExpression":
[{ "column": "lastname", "order": "ASC" }]
}
}'
{"name":"users"}
The name of our example table is users
.
This table column definition includes:
- Partition key
-
One or more columns required.
firstname
is the partition key. - Clustering key
-
Optional, but zero, one or more columns can be defined.
lastname
is the clustering key. - Non-primary key
-
Optional, but zero, one or more columns that are not a partition key or clustering key can be defined.
favorite_color
is the non-primary key column.
Notice that each column must have a data type specified.
Information about partition keys and clustering keys are found in the CQL reference.
Optional: Table options can be set. The two options are:
- defaultTimeToLive
-
Sets the default Time-To-Live (TTL).
- clusteringExpression
-
Defines the order, either ascending (
ASC
) or descending (DESC
) for columns that are clustering keys.ASC
is the default.
"tableOptions":
{
"defaultTimeToLive": 0,
"clusteringExpression":
[{ "column": "lastname", "order": "ASC" }]
}
Check table and column existence
To check if a table exists, execute a
REST API query with cURL
to find all the tables:
curl -s -L -X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{
"data": [
{
"name": "users",
"keyspace": "users_keyspace",
"columnDefinitions": [
{
"name": "firstname",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "lastname",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "email",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "favorite color",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
}
],
"primaryKey": {
"partitionKey": [
"firstname"
],
"clusteringKey": [
"lastname"
]
},
"tableOptions": {
"defaultTimeToLive": 0,
"clusteringExpression": [
{
"order": "Asc",
"column": "lastname"
}
]
}
}
]
}
In this case, we only have one table in the keyspace.
To get a particular table, specify the table in the URL:
curl -s -L \
-X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{
"data": {
"name": "users",
"keyspace": "users_keyspace",
"columnDefinitions": [
{
"name": "firstname
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "lastname",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "current_country",
"typeDefinition": "frozen<tuple<varchar, date, date>>",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "email",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "evaluations",
"typeDefinition": "map<int, varchar>",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "favorite color",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "favorite_books",
"typeDefinition": "set<varchar>",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "top_three_tv_shows",
"typeDefinition": "list<varchar>",
"static": false
}
],
"primaryKey": {
"partitionKey": [
"firstname"
],
"clusteringKey": [
"lastname"
]
},
"tableOptions": {
"defaultTimeToLive": 0,
"clusteringExpression": [
{
"order": "ASC",
"column": "lastname"
}
]
}
}
}
Although this command is slightly different, because we have only one table,
the command to get all tables and this command to just get the table users
return the same information.
Delete a table
Send a DELETE
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/tables/{table_name}
to delete a table. All data will be deleted along with the table schema.
curl -s --location \
--request DELETE http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json"
Create an index
Tables can contain partition keys and clustering keys, both of which define the primary key. A table can also include non-primary keys.
If you wish to create a table query that uses anything other than the partition key to define which row or rows are to be retrieved, a column index must be created on each column to read the data.
Currently, those indexes can be created with REST, CQL, or GraphQL. To use the REST API to create indexes, you’ll need the application token you generated to create other schema in your keyspace.
Send a POST
request to
/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes
to create an index.
Set the index definitions in the JSON body in the --data
. In this example,
an index name is defined as fav_books_idx
for the column favorite_books
in
the keyspace users_keyspace
and table users
.
An option to only create the index if it already exists is set with ifNotExists: true
;
the default is false
.
Two additional options are available:
-
type
can be defined to use SAI indexes if desired; the default is secondary indexes. -
kind
defines the kind of index for map collections; the choices available areVALUES/KEYS/ENTRIES/FULL
.
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"column": "favorite_books",
"name": "fav_books_idx",
"ifNotExists": true
}'
{
"success": true
}
Here is an additional example, which creates indexes that are used in the REST API examples:
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"column": "favorite_books",
"name": "fav_books_idex",
"ifNotExists": true
}'
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"column": "top_three_tv_shows",
"name": "tv_idx",
"ifNotExists": true
}'
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"column": "evaluations",
"name": "evalv_idx",
"ifNotExists": true
}'
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"column": "evaluations",
"name": "evalk_idx",
"kind": "KEYS",
"ifNotExists": true
}'
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"column": "evaluations",
"name": "evale_idx",
"kind": "ENTRIES",
"ifNotExists": true
}'
curl -s --location \
--request POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
--data '{
"column": "current_country",
"name": "country_idx",
"ifNotExists": true
}'
{
"success": true
}
{
"success": true
}
{
"success": true
}
{
"success": true
}
{
"success": true
}
{
"success": true
}
Note the use of the kind
in the definitions used for the map collection evaluations
.
Delete an index
You may wish to list all the indexes to verify the index name you wish to delete:
curl -s --location \
--request GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json" \
[
{
"keyspace_name": "users_keyspace",
"options": [
{
"key": "target",
"value": "current_country"
}
],
"table_name": "users",
"index_name": "country_idx",
"kind": "COMPOSITES"
},
{
"keyspace_name": "users_keyspace",
"options": [
{
"key": "target",
"value": "entries(evaluations)"
}
],
"table_name": "users",
"index_name": "evale_idx",
"kind": "COMPOSITES"
},
{
"keyspace_name": "users_keyspace",
"options": [
{
"key": "target",
"value": "keys(evaluations)"
}
],
"table_name": "users",
"index_name": "evalk_idx",
"kind": "COMPOSITES"
},
{
"keyspace_name": "users_keyspace",
"options": [
{
"key": "target",
"value": "values(evaluations)"
}
],
"table_name": "users",
"index_name": "evalv_idx",
"kind": "COMPOSITES"
},
{
"keyspace_name": "users_keyspace",
"options": [
{
"key": "target",
"value": "values(favorite_books)"
}
],
"table_name": "users",
"index_name": "fav_books_idx",
"kind": "COMPOSITES"
},
{
"keyspace_name": "users_keyspace",
"options": [
{
"key": "target",
"value": "values(top_three_tv_shows)"
}
],
"table_name": "users",
"index_name": "tv_idx",
"kind": "COMPOSITES"
}
]
Send a DELETE
request to
/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes/{index_name}
to delete an index. All index data will be deleted along with the index schema.
curl -s --location \
--request DELETE http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/indexes/fav_books_idx \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--header "Accept: application/json"
If the call is successful, a 204
message is returned.
Create a user-defined type (UDT)
A user-defined type, or UDT, consists of two or more values that can be retrieved together. UDTs are useful for associating items that are naturally grouped, like an address (street, city, zip code), or a review (item reviewed, rating, date reviewed).
UDTs are stored in a defined keyspace and can be used in other UDT definitions or table columns.
Send a POST
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces{keyspace_name}/types
.
In this example we use address_type
for the name
. The defined fields
describe
the included items and their data type.
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/types \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"name": "address_type",
"fields":[
{
"name": "street",
"typeDefinition": "text"
},
{
"name": "city",
"typeDefinition": "text"
},
{
"name": "state",
"typeDefinition": "text"
},
{
"name": "zip",
"typeDefinition": "text"
}
]
}'
{
"name": "address_type"
}
Delete a UDT
To delete a UDT, use a DELETE
request to /v2/schemas/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/types/{type_name}
.
All UDT schema will be deleted along with the UDT data.
curl --location --request DELETE http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/types/address_type \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json'
Add columns to table schema
If you need to add an attribute to something you are storing in a table, you
can add a column by sending a POST
request to add the column.
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "email",
"typeDefinition": "text"
}'
{ "name": "email" }
To change the name or data type of an existing column, use a similar command, but
sent a PUT
request instead:
curl -s -L \
-X PUT http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns/firstname \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{ "name": "first", "typeDefinition": "varchar"}'
{
"name": "first"
}
To add a set to a table, specify the data type set
along with the data type of the
set contents, such as text
:
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "favorite_books",
"typeDefinition": "set<text>"
}'
{"name":"favorite_books"}
To add a set
as a frozen set, specify "typeDefinition": "frozen<set<text>>"
with the keyword frozen
. In the following examples, both lists and maps can
also be specified as frozen.
To add a list to a table, specify the data type list
along with the data type of the
set contents, such as text
.
The difference between a set and a list is that a set is unordered, whereas a list
is ordered:
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "top_three_tv_shows",
"typeDefinition": "list<text>"
}'
{"name":"top_three_tv_shows"}
To add a map to a table, specify the data type map
along with the data type of the
map key and the may value:
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "evaluations",
"typeDefinition": "map<int,text>"
}'
{"name":"evaluations"}
To add a tuple to a table, specify the data type tuple
along with the data type of the
each item in the tuple.
A tuple can consist of two or more values that can be retrieved together.
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "current_country",
"typeDefinition": "tuple<text, date, date>"
}'
{"name":"current_country"}
To add a user-defined type (UDT) to a table, specify the data type udt
along with the data type of the
each item in the UDT.
A UDT can consist of two or more values that can be retrieved together.
UDTs must currently be created in CQL before specifying for a column in the REST API. For instance, for a UDT created with the following CQL statement:
CREATE TYPE IF NOT EXISTS users_keyspace.address (
street text,
zip int
);
we can add a UDT column to our table:
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "address",
"typeDefinition": "address_type"
}'
{ "name": "address" }
To check if a column exists, execute a
REST API query with cURL
to find all the columns:
curl -s -L \
-X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json"
{
"data": [
{
"name": "firstname",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "lastname",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "current_country",
"typeDefinition": "frozen<tuple<varchar, date, date>>",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "email",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "evaluations",
"typeDefinition": "map<int, varchar>",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "favorite color",
"typeDefinition": "varchar",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "favorite_books",
"typeDefinition": "set<varchar>",
"static": false
},
{
"name": "top_three_tv_shows",
"typeDefinition": "list<varchar>",
"static": false
}
]
}
To get a particular column, specify the column in the URL:
curl -s -L \
-X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns/email \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{
"data":{
"name":"email",
"typeDefinition":"varchar",
"static":false
}
}
Delete columns from table schema
If you find an attribute is no longer required in a table, you
can delete a column by sending a DELETE
request. All
column data will be deleted along with the column schema.
curl -s --location \
--request DELETE http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/tables/users/columns/email \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json"
Write data
First, let’s add some data to the users
table that you created.
Send a POST
request to /v2/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/{table_name}
to add data to the table.
The column name/value pairs are passed in the JSON body.
curl -s --location --request POST 'http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users' \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"firstname": "Mookie",
"lastname": "Betts",
"email": "mookie.betts@gmail.com",
"favorite color": "blue"
}'
curl -s --location --request POST 'http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users' \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"favorite color": "grey"
}'
{"firstname":"Mookie","lastname":"Betts"}
{"firstname":"Janesha","lastname":"Doesha"}
Notice that, unlike schema creation, data queries do not require |
Collections, tuples, and UDTs
Some data types require special handling to write the data.
Examples of set
, list
, map
, tuple
, and udt
are shown, using the column
schema created earlier.
SET:
curl -s -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "accept: application/json" \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"firstname": "Janesha",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite color": "grey",
"favorite_books": [ "Emma", "The Color Purple" ]
}'
{"firstname":"Janesha","lastname":"Doesha"}
LIST:
curl -s -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-d '{"firstname": "Janesha",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite color": "grey",
"top_three_tv_shows": [ "The Magicians", "The Librarians", "Agents of SHIELD" ]
}'
{"firstname":"Janesha","lastname":"Doesha"}
MAP:
curl -s -L -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-d '{"firstname": "Janesha",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite color": "grey",
"top_three_tv_shows": [ "The Magicians", "The Librarians", "Agents of SHIELD" ],
"evaluations": [ {"key":"2020", "value":"good"}, {"key":"2019", "value":"okay"} ]
}'
{"firstname":"Janesha","lastname":"Doesha"}
TUPLE:
curl -s -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "accept: application/json" \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"firstname": "Janesha",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [ "France", "2016-01-01", "2020-02-02" ]
}'
{"firstname":"Janesha","lastname":"Doesha"}
UDT:
curl -s -X POST http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "accept: application/json" \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"firstname": "Janesha",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite color": "grey",
"address": { "street": "1 Main St", "zip": "12345" }
}'
{"firstname":"Janesha","lastname":"Doesha"}
Read data
Let’s check that the data was inserted. Send a GET
request to
/v2/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/{table_name}?where={searchPath}
to retrieve the two users
that were entered:
curl -s -L -G 'http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users' \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$in": ["Janesha","Mookie"]}
}'
{
"count": 2,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"evaluations": [
{ "key": 2019,
"value": "okay"
},
{
"key": 2020,
"value": "good"
}
],
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
],
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [
"France",
"2023-05-22T10:21:00.000Z",
"2023-05-23T10:21:00.000Z"
],
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite_books": [
"Emma",
"The Color Purple"
]
},
{
"firstname": "Mookie",
"evaluations": [],
"top_three_tv_shows": [],
"favorite color": "blue",
"current_country": null,
"email": "mookie.betts.new-email@email.com",
"lastname": "Betts",
"favorite_books": []
}
]
}
This query uses $in
to find the two users.
The WHERE
clause can be used with other valid search terms: $eq
, $lt
,
$lte
, $gt
, $gte
, $ne
, and $exists
, if applicable.
The primary key of the table can be used in the WHERE
clause, but non-primary
key columns cannot be used unless indexed.
Send a GET
request to /v2/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/{table_name}
to retrieve the row for Mookie
using $eq
:
curl -s -L -X GET 'http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users' \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$eq": "Mookie"}
}'
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Mookie",
"evaluations": [],
"top_three_tv_shows": [],
"favorite color": "blue",
"current_country": null,
"email": "mookie.betts.new-email@email.com",
"lastname": "Betts",
"favorite_books": []
}
]
}
If the CQL indexes exist, a multiple WHERE
can be used:
Send a GET
request to /v2/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/{table_name}
to retrieve the row for Janesha
using $eq
, and Emma
using $contains
:
curl -s -L -G 'http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users' \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$eq": "Janesha"},
"favorite_books": {"$contains": "Emma"}
}'
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"evaluations": [
{ "key": 2019,
"value": "okay"
},
{
"key": 2020,
"value": "good"
}
],
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
],
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [
"France",
"2023-05-22T10:21:00.000Z",
"2023-05-23T10:21:00.000Z"
],
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite_books": [
"Emma",
"The Color Purple"
]
}
]
}
A primary key can be supplied to retrieve a row:
curl -s -L -X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users/Mookie/Betts \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Mookie",
"evaluations": [],
"top_three_tv_shows": [],
"favorite color": "blue",
"current_country": null,
"email": "mookie.betts.new-email@email.com",
"lastname": "Betts",
"favorite_books": []
}
]
}
Adding /rows
instead of a WHERE
clause or primary key returns all table rows.
Returning all rows in a large table can negatively impact your database.
The page-size parameter limits the number of results returned, and is recommended for large tables.
The pageState is useful for pagination of the results in queries.
|
curl -s -L -X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users/rows \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json"
{
"count": 2,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Mookie",
"evaluations": [],
"top_three_tv_shows": [],
"favorite color": "blue",
"current_country": null,
"email": "mookie.betts.new-email@email.com",
"lastname": "Betts",
"favorite_books": []
},
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"evaluations": [
{
"key": 2019,
"value": "okay"
},
{
"key": 2020,
"value": "good"
}
],
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
],
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [
"France",
"2023-05-22T10:21:00.000Z",
"2023-05-23T10:21:00.000Z"
],
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite_books": [
"Emma",
"The Color Purple"
]
}
]
}
In this example both Mookie
and Betts
are supplied in the path. Mookie
is
the partition key firstname
and Betts
is the clustering key lastname
. Together
these keys form the primary key of a row. To retrieve any rows using the partition
keys and clustering keys, the primary key can be part of the request, in order
and separated by a forward slash, such as pk1/pk2/ck1/ck2/….
Each key must
be included in order, but subsequent clustering keys do not have to be included.
Note that the inclusion of clustering keys may return a range of rows.
To return only desired fields in a response object, use the fields
query parameter:
curl -s -L -X GET http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users/Janesha/Doesha?fields=firstname,lastname,top_three_tv_shows \
--header "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json"
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
]
}
]
}
Collections, tuples, and UDTs
Some data types require special handling to read the data.
Examples of set
, list
, map
, tuple
, and udt
are shown, using the column
schema created earlier.
Because these columns are not part of the partition or clustering key, an index
is required to read the data.
Currently, for Cassandra, those indexes must be created with
CQL.
Here are the indexes created for use in the following examples:
CREATE INDEX books_idx ON users_keyspace.users (VALUES(favorite_books));
CREATE INDEX tv_idx ON users_keyspace.users (VALUES (top_three_tv_shows));
CREATE INDEX evalk_idx ON users_keyspace.users (KEYS (evaluations));
CREATE INDEX evalv_idx ON users_keyspace.users (VALUES (evaluations));
CREATE INDEX evale_idx ON users_keyspace.users (ENTRIES (evaluations));
CREATE INDEX country_idx ON users_keyspace.users (VALUES (current_country));
If you are using DataStax Enterprise, you may optionally use Storage-Attached Indexing (SAI):
CREATE CUSTOM INDEX books_idx
ON users_keyspace.users (VALUES(favorite_books))
USING 'StorageAttachedIndex'
WITH OPTIONS = ('case_sensitive': 'false');
CREATE CUSTOM INDEX tv_idx
ON users_keyspace.users (VALUES(top_three_tv_shows))
USING 'StorageAttachedIndex'
WITH OPTIONS = ('case_sensitive': 'false');
CREATE CUSTOM INDEX eval_idx
ON users_keyspace.users (KEYS(evaluations))
USING 'StorageAttachedIndex'
WITH OPTIONS = ('case_sensitive': 'false');
SAI does not support tuples. Searches using SAI do not support the operator $in
.
SET:
curl -s -L -G http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$eq": "Janesha"},
"lastname": {"$eq": "Doesha"},
"favorite_books": {"$contains": "Emma"}
}'
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"evaluations": [
{ "key": 2019,
"value": "okay"
},
{
"key": 2020,
"value": "good"
}
],
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
],
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [
"France",
"2023-05-22T10:21:00.000Z",
"2023-05-23T10:21:00.000Z"
],
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite_books": [
"Emma",
"The Color Purple"
]
}
]
}
LIST:
curl -s -L -G http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$eq": "Janesha"},
"lastname": {"$eq": "Doesha"},
"top_three_tv_shows": {"$contains": "The Magicians"}
}'
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"evaluations": [
{ "key": 2019,
"value": "okay"
},
{
"key": 2020,
"value": "good"
}
],
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
],
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [
"France",
"2023-05-22T10:21:00.000Z",
"2023-05-23T10:21:00.000Z"
],
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite_books": [
"Emma",
"The Color Purple"
]
}
]
}
MAP:
curl -s -L -G http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$eq": "Janesha"},
"lastname": {"$eq": "Doesha"},
"evaluations": {"$containsKey": "2020"}
}'
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"evaluations":
[
{ "key": 2019,
"value": "okay"
},
{
"key": 2020,
"value": "good"
}
],
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
],
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [
"France",
"2023-05-22T10:21:00.000Z",
"2023-05-23T10:21:00.000Z"
],
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite_books": [
"Emma",
"The Color Purple"
]
}
]
}
TUPLE:
curl -s -L -G http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$eq": "Janesha"},
"lastname": {"$eq": "Doesha"},
"current_country": {"$eq": "( 'France', '2016-01-01', '2020-02-02' )"}
}'
{
"count": 1,
"data": [
{
"firstname": "Janesha",
"evaluations": [
{ "key": 2019,
"value": "okay"
},
{
"key": 2020,
"value": "good"
}
],
"top_three_tv_shows": [
"The Magicians",
"The Librarians",
"Agents of SHIELD"
],
"favorite color": "grey",
"current_country": [
"France",
"2023-05-22T10:21:00.000Z",
"2023-05-23T10:21:00.000Z"
],
"email": "janesha.doesha@gmail.com",
"lastname": "Doesha",
"favorite_books": [
"Emma",
"The Color Purple"
]
}
]
}
UDT:
curl -s -L -G http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
--data-urlencode 'where={
"firstname": {"$eq": "Janesha"},
"lastname": {"$eq": "Doesha"},
"address": {"$eq": { "street": "1, Main St", "zip": 12345 }}
}'
Example coming
Update data
Data changes, so often it is necessary to update an entire row.
To update a row, send a PUT
request to /v2/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/{table_name}/{path}
.
The {path}
is comprised of the primary key values.
In this example, the partition key is firstname
"Mookie" and the
clustering key is lastname
"Betts";
thus, we use /Mookie/Betts
as the {path}
in our request.
curl -s -L -X PUT 'http://localhost:8082/v2/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users/Mookie/Betts' \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"email": "mookie.betts.new-email@email.com"
}'
{"data":{"email":"mookie.betts.new-email@email.com"}}
Updates are upserts. If the row doesn’t exist, it will be created. If it does exist, it will be updated with the new row data. |
It is also possible to update only part of a row. To partially update, send
a PATCH
request to /v2/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/{table_name}/{path}
.
In this example, we realize we should not have changed the email address, and
we want to only change that one column:
Delete data
To delete a row, send a DELETE
request to
/v2/keyspaces/{keyspace_name}/{table_name}/{primaryKey}
.
For this example, the primary key consists of a partition key firstname
and
clustering column lastname
, so we delete all data with Mookie/Betts
:
curl -s -L -X DELETE http://localhost:8082/v2/schemas/keyspaces/users_keyspace/users/Mookie/Betts \
-H "X-Cassandra-Token: $AUTH_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json"